The United States and the Normandy Invasion :: World War II History

The United States and the Normandy Invasion It was 1944, and the United States had now been a functioning member in the war against Nazi Germany for just about three and a half years. During this time, various fights had happened which were battled earnestly and power on the two sides. Among the numerous attacks of World War II, there is one day which stands apart more in the brains of numerous American fighters than the others. That day was June 6, 1944, all the more ordinarily known as D Day, some portion of the attack of Normandy, known as Activity Overlord. This activity was the biggest land and/or water capable ambush ever. It was a day in which a great many youthful Americans, who poured onto the sea shores of France, developed quicker than they would have ever envisioned. Much to their dismay of the turmoil and torment that anticipated them on their appearance. The assaults on Utah and Omaha were deliberately made, and completed in cautious exactness. The Allied intrusion of Nazi-involved France started on June 6, 1944, and the American attack on the Utah and Omaha sea shores on this day assumed a basic job in the general accomplishment of the Normandy activity. A broad arrangement was set up for the American assault on Utah and Omaha Beaches. The arrangement was so inside and out and complex, its depictions nitty gritty the specific appearances of troops, reinforcement, and other hardware required for the intrusion, and where precisely on the sea shore they were to land. Before the arrivals were to start, the beach front German barriers must be separated by a blend of a monstrous battering by United States Naval boats, and by besieging from the United States Air Force. Between the long stretches of 3 a.m. also, 5 a.m. on the morning of June 6, more than 1,000 airplane dropped in excess of 5,000 tons of bombs on the German beach front safeguards. When the starter besieging was finished, the American and British maritime firearms started shooting at the Normandy coastline. A British maritime official depicted the unimaginable scene he saw that day: Never has any coast endured what a tormented piece of French coast endured that morning. Along the fifty-mile front the land was shaken by progressive blasts as the shells from the boats' firearms tore openings in fortresses and huge amounts of bombs poured down on them from the skies. Through smoke and falling garbage German safeguards hunching in their channels would soon faintly observe the many ships and ambush make surrounding the shore.

Essay --

Part ONE - ‘If you don’t like something, change it.’ As said by Maya Angelou, ‘If you don’t like something, change it. On the off chance that you can’t transform it, change your attitude.’ And it appeared as though he would need to choose the last mentioned, in light of the fact that there was zero chance he would go anyplace with the previous. For James, change was just about an outside idea, since everything was fine as it might have been. Or if nothing else he thought it was. He couldn’t truly make certain about anything in his reality, in light of the fact that there was still so much he needed to find out about it. He was youthful, simply turned seventeen, and as yet discovering his feet. There was no chance he would ever lead a military for any reason. It would simply be simpleton. Individuals who realized him considered him a visionary, and he concurred. He liked to leave reality here and there, when everything got excessively. It was his break valve. He imagined that everybody needed to have at any rate one, yet perhaps they didn't. He didn't have the foggiest idea. In any case, that was his method of managing the world, and it worked for him, regardless of what any other individual said. He realized that most didn't pay attention to whatever he said. It was just characteristic, he was youthful. In any case, the way that they considered it a ‘democracy’ had constantly irritated him. A majority rules system. From the Greek ÃŽ'î ·Ã® ¼Ã® ¿Ã® ºÃ¯ Ã® ±Ã¯â€žÃ® ¯Ã® ±, which implies ‘the ascent of the people’. He liked to realize what others called things. Everything was generally so captivating due to the way that he knew scarcely anything. He was not from Greece. His reality was one where he remained off guard in a bigger number of ways than one. He was ‘white’, as they called it, individuals called He had experienced childhood in a disconnected territory, since his folks were hetero. He now and again thought that it was hard to make sure to consistently say that one of his ‘mothers’ was on a work excursions or sick or somewhere in the vicinity, be... ...rrect?† He had anticipated that Elias should explode in his face, however that was not really. All he got accordingly was a blame dispensing towards Mother’s side of the house, and he strolled over and up the steps. He halted before the stepping stool that would take him up into the storage room. He had never ascended the stepping stool. Elias had let him know never to do it without his authorization, and he had never set out to inquire. He attracted a full breath, and discharged it once more. Furthermore, he began to climb. The ascension was longer than he suspected it would. Maybe it was on the grounds that he was so apprehensive he would tumble off. It was fairly unimportant, as regardless of whether he were to fall, it would just be a drop of around four meters. He could take that. Pushing open the fold, he climbed into the storage room. It was extensive, if somewhat sodden. Had he not had a vocation to do, he may have invested a little energy staying there. It appeared spectacular

In Translation January Fiction and Poetry

In Translation January Fiction and Poetry 2017 is off to a great start, at least in terms of poetry and fiction in translation! Out this month are a collection of poems from India, the latest book from an award-winning Korean novelist, poet Czeslaw Miloszs unfinished work of science fiction, and a masterpiece from Japan. What are you reading in translation this month? Things That Happen: and Other Poems by Bhaskar Chakrabarti, translated by Arunava Sinha (Seagull Books, 136 pages, January 15) In this first comprehensive translation of Chakrabartis work, we get a glimpse of Calcutta in the 1960s and 70s, which saw the flourishing of modern Bengali poetry. Chakrabartis poems reflect and express the urban angst that developed against the backdrop of militant leftism, poverty, the war in Bangladesh, a massive influx of refugees, and the dictatorial reign of Indira Gandhi. And while Chakrabarti died in 2005, his work lives on. Human Acts by Han Kang, translated by Deborah Smith (Hogarth, 224 pages, January 17) Winner of the Man Booker International Prize and many others, Han Kang in Human Acts explores the ripple effect of political violence and how the death of a young boy during a violent student uprising reveals the suppression, denial, and torment that remain long after the incident. A powerful and important story. The Mountains of Parnassus by Czeslaw Milosz, translated by Stanley Bill (Yale University Press, 184 pages, January 10) Translated into English for the first time, this unfinished work of science fiction by the poet and Nobel laureate Czeslaw Milosz is set in a dystopian future in which hierarchy, patriarchy, and religion do not exist. Through four characters (a rebel, an astronaut, a cardinal, and a prophet), Milosz examines the implications of such a world, and does it in an experimental, postmodern style. The Book of the Dead by Orikuchi Shinobu, translated by Jeffrey Angles (University of Minnesota Press, 352 pages, January 16) The Book of the Dead (first published in 1939) is at once a literary masterpiece, a story based on the Egyptian tale of Isis and Osiris, and a historical romance in which a noblewoman and a ghost fall in love in 8th-century Japan. Included in this edition are a comprehensive introduction by the translator and further contextualizing essays by the Japanese intellectual historian Ango Reiji.

How Karl Mark Views Was Influenced By Views Of The...

In order to make a connection of how Karl Mark views, was in some way, influenced by certain views of the Enlightenment. But, first, we need to understand what characteristics we can compare of the two. The idea of Enlightenment was an intellectual movement that took place around the late 17th and 18th centuries. This movement had placed emphasis on progress, social structure, materialism, state and individualism. From class lectures and from the readings of the Communist Manifesto, we can derive the idea that Marx was against social class. With Marx understanding the dire need of reform within the social structure, he believed in a form of equality for all, stating that not one person would be higher than the other. He, along with other†¦show more content†¦It was the idea that you are literally taking the lower class of people, the people who are non-land owner, who have no wealth, and now could have a say in government affairs, in comparison to those who do have the wealth and are landowners. This idea is now providing the lower class people the power of decision-making, the power of influence. This idea of a democratic state was seen as perhaps, the most radical of all thoughts of a state. 3. If we can take Marx’s and Engel’s phrase of â€Å"dictatorship of the proletariat,† it can be interpreted as the state’s power is in the control of the working people, not the higher classes. This idea was directed towards having finally separated capitalism and communism. According to spunk, a website I’ve found, it states that it is â€Å" the vehicle of abolishing the state† (spunk.org). The necessity of having the phrase â€Å"dictatorship of the proletariat† was to create a progressive life for the workers, an equality way of living and ruling. On the same website it states that the need to create this proletariat-led state, was to â€Å"†¦suppress capitalist resistance, and develop the nationalized means of production as rapidly as possible in order to overcome relative scarcity and shorten the workday, this allowing all workers to participate in the affairs of society† (Spunk.org). 4. The Marxist concept of â€Å"withering away of the state,† is in reference to the idea of known social institutions of the state that will

The Binary Opposition Of Master And Servant In Jane Eyre

The binary opposition of master/servant is present throughout the novel. An evident example of rejection of the master/servant theme can be seen in the relationship between John Reed and Jane. Although Jane is an apparent member of John’s foster family, she is often treated of a lower class because of her orphaned status and low wealth. John Reed shows a strong inferiority as he claims himself ‘master’ when he is yet a child of the household. This is best portrayed by a scene in chapter 1 when Jane asks John, â€Å"’What do you want?’†, whereupon John replies, â€Å"’Say, ‘What do you want master Reed?’’† Jane evidently shows a rejection to the claim remarking, â€Å"’Master! How is he my master? Am I a servant?’† (Bronte, 1847). The title of ‘master’†¦show more content†¦John. Throughout the novel, Jane experiences and struggles against different forms of dependence , however, her actions and conduct of provoking society make her stand out from the traditional idea of women’s dependency. Jane’s actions are more so expressed from a male’s expectation of independence rather than a woman, as her behaviour is not accepted in women yet encouraged for men. Therefore, this pride and passion is what causes Jane to transgress the binary oppositions; she leaves the expected role of a dependent woman and challenges the societal normalities. Throughout the novel, Jane struggles to reach independence, as she talks back, leaves people that treat her poorly and only accepts situations which are self beneficial. By turning down the situations that she believes would hold her back Jane moves towards independence. The proposal from her cousin St. John is an example of this. Jane discovers that his marriage would be a disadvantage and would hold her back from her struggle of independence, thus finding that she would be â€Å"chained for life to a man who regards one but as a useful tool† (Bronte, 1847). The different forms of dependence Jane experiences in the novel are gradually overcome and Jane changes from being dependent to independent, therefore challenging her social hierarchy and dominating female societal labels. The binary opposition of rich/poor might traditionally be connected more so to social status than to gender, however, there

Vietnam War Outcome Influenced by the Media Free Essays

Term 3 Paper: The Media and Vietnam War The Vietnam War was a war of mass destruction, leaving Vietnam to become bitterly divided and claiming the many lives of Vietnamese civilians as well as American soldiers. Out of all the wars in American history, the Vietnam War was the first war to be broadly televised and covered by the media. It came to be known as the first â€Å"Television War†. We will write a custom essay sample on Vietnam War Outcome Influenced by the Media or any similar topic only for you Order Now Journalists began to pour into Vietnam from all over the nation, to cover the lives of the American Soldiers as well as Vietnamese civilians. As television brought horrendous images of the war into American living rooms, the perception of an American solider as a hero slowly became the image of the American enemy. Thus, the media is a major factor that resulted to the Vietnamization of the conflict, following the end of the war during the fall of Saigon. Television was the main source of news for the American public, and perhaps the most influence on the public opinion of the war. A study showed that â€Å"In 1950, only nine percent of homes owned a television. By 1966, this rose to ninety-three percent. (McLaughlin). As television popularity rose, Americans began to depend of television as an accurate source of how they understood the war. In addition, no censorship was established to limit the amount of information being put out to the American public. In the website article, Vietnam: A Censored War, John a. Cloud states â€Å"the fact that there was no military censorship, there was still censorship among the governme nt† (Cloud). Due to lack of censorship, journalists could follow the military into combat and report their observations without formal censorship. Therefore, journalists that experienced the violent combat were able to present the public with more graphic images that the nation has ever seen. One of the most influential journalists was Walter Cronkite, â€Å"Cronkite turned against the war and called for peace negotiations. † (NPR). As an anchor for â€Å"CBS Evening News†, Cronkite made his statement against the war. This influenced all other journalists to follow his lead. As a result, journalists reported the actions of the soldiers negatively. Gradually, Support for the war began to decrease by the fall of 1967. One of the most turning events of the Vietnam War was the Tet Offensive in 1968. During the Tet Offensive, the media presented images of soldiers sweeping through over one-hundred southern Vietnamese cities. After the televised coverage of the Battle of Tet, majority Americans withdrew their support for the war. In the book Eyewitness Vietnam War, Admiral Grant Sharp argued â€Å"the reality of the 1968 Tet Offensive was that Hanoi had taken a big gamble and lost on the battlefield, but they won a solid physiological victory in the United States. † (Murray 18). This proves that, the media was creating false claims to provoke the people into pushing the government to stop the war. The media also portrayed the attack as a defeat for the United States, â€Å"the media, not the military confirmed the growing perception that the U. S was unable to with the war. † (McLaughlin). With this advantage, the north Viet Cong was using the media to win the sympathy of the American public, so that they would turn against their government. The anti-war movement by 1965 influenced many Americans to oppose their government’s involvement in the war. Thus, â€Å"†¦ after the Tet offensive, the number of protesters skyrocketed† (Langer 235). One example is the Kent State Massacre, which led to the death of four students. There was a significant national response to the shooting, such as the closing of schools thought the United States due to student strikes. However, the most damaging event for a U. S soldier’s reputation was the massacre of My Lai, â€Å"images of dead children, women, and families flooded newspapers and television. † (Murray 23). When the incident became public, it promoted the widespread outrage thought the world. The American solider was now portrayed as â€Å"monstrous killers with no qualms about killing Vietnamese civilians. † (Cloud). Critics of the war created accusations towards the soldiers such as: drug use, rape, and barbaric acts. This led the people to question the purpose of America’s involvement of the war. The media was also used to expose government information regarding the Vietnam War. There was a conspiracy that, an alleged attack on the U. S spy ship (USS Maddox) was purposely created to become the pretext for war in Vietnam. Also known as the â€Å"Gulf of Tonkin†, the event granted congress permission to invade Vietnam. American journalist, Nigel Sheehan exposed the documents that told the truth about the start of the war. As a  reporter  for  The New York Times,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"in 1971, Sheehan obtained the classified  Pentagon Papers  from  Daniel Ellsberg. † (Shah). Sheehan collaborated with Ellsberg (a former pentagon staff) to publish the series of articles that contained the history of the U. S involvement in the war. The official secret history of the war would reveal that â€Å"administration officials had drafted the gulf of Tonkin resolution themselves, two months before the attack of Maddox. †(Shah). This caused the people to become outraged, censuring the government for the start of the war instead of the Viet Cong. An article from Media Beat in 1994, explains that the â€Å"heavy reliance on U. S government officials as sources of information and reluctance to question official statements on national security issues, led to a lot of inaccurate media reporting† (Langer 256). Many stories about atrocities of the war were witnessed, but were initially never reported. Even if atrocities were reported, they were perceived as a tragedy because the government did not want to take the blame. For example, when the My Lai Massacre was reported on the â€Å"Newsweek† the banner headline was â€Å"An American Tragedy† (Murray). This caused sympathy for the invader and deflected from the truth about the atrocities. Above all, the atrocities were in fact, a Vietnamese tragedy. With the influence of media, the Americans failed to have public support for the war to carry on. Moreover, tensions between the news media and the Nixon administration only increased as the war dragged on. Finally, Nixon was pressured to find a resolution to end the war. As a result, on November 3, 1969, President  Richard M. Nixon  made a televised speech laying out his policy toward Vietnam, â€Å"promising to continue to support the South Vietnamese government and held out a plan for the withdrawal of American combat troops. † (Wyatt). With this he created Vietnamization to slowly withdraw troops out of Vietnam, along with plans to end the war. In brief, the media was a major factor that motivated the American public to pressure the government to stop involvement of the war. As a result, the media is one of the factors that resulted in America’s cost of the war. Works cited Cloud, John A. â€Å"Vietnam: A Censored War. † Thecrimson. com. The Harvard Crimson, 9 Mar. 1991. Web. http://www. thecrimson. com/article/1991/3/9/vietnam-a-censored-war-pby bou-cant/ Considered, All Things. â€Å"Cronkite on Vietnam War : NPR. † NPR : National Public Radio : News Analysis, World, US, Music Arts : NPR. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. http://www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=1147965. Langer, Howard. The Vietnam War: An Encyclopedia of Quotations / Howard J. Langer. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. Print. McLaughlin, Erin. â€Å"The Media and the Vietnam War. † The Warbird’s Forum: AVG Flying Tigers, Brewster Buffaloes, Flying Wings, Japan at War, Vietnam, and Other Military History Stuff. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. ;http://www. warbirdforum. com/media. htm;. Murray, Stuart. Eyewitness Vietnam War. NY: DK Pub. , 2005. Print. Shah, Anup. â€Å"Media, Propaganda and Vietnam — Global Issues. † Global Issues : Social, Political, Economic and Environmental Issues That Affect Us All — Global Issues. 24 Oct. 2003. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. ;http://www. globalissues. rg/article/402/media-propaganda-and-vietnam;. Cloud, John A. â€Å"Vietnam: A Censored War. † Thecrimson. com. The Harvard Crimson, 9 Mar. 1991. Web. ;http://www. thecrimson. com/article/1991/3/9/vietnam-a-censored-war-pbybou-cant/; Considered, All Things. â€Å"Cronkite on Vietnam War : NPR. † NPR : National Public Radio : News ; Analysis, World, US, Music ; Arts : NPR. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. ;http://www. npr. org/templates/story/story. php? storyId=1147965;. Langer, Howard. The Vietnam War: An Encyclopedia of Quotations / Howard J. Langer. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2005. Print. McLaughlin, Erin. â€Å"The Media and the Vietnam War. † The Warbird’s Forum: AVG Flying Tigers, Brewster Buffaloes, Flying Wings, Japan at War, Vietnam, and Other Military History Stuff. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. http://www. warbirdforum. com/media. htm. Murray, Stuart. Eyewitness Vietnam War. NY: DK Pub. , 2005. Print. Shah, Anup. â€Å"Media, Propaganda and Vietnam — Global Issues. † Global Issues : Social, Political, Economic and Environmental Issues That Affect Us All — Global Issues. 24 Oct. 2003. Web. 17 Feb. 2012. How to cite Vietnam War Outcome Influenced by the Media, Essay examples

The Great Depression Was The Worst Economic Decline Ever In U.S. Histo

The Great Depression was the worst economic decline ever in U.S. history. It began in late 1929 and lasted about a decade. Throughout the 1920's, many factors played a role in bringing about the depression; the main causes were the unequal distribution of wealth and extensive stock market speculation. Money was distributed unequally between the rich and the middle-class, between industry and agriculture within the United States, and between the U.S. and Europe. This disproportion of wealth created an unstable economy. Before the Great Depression, the roaring twenties was an era during which the United States prospered tremendously. The nation's total income rose from $74.3 billion in 1923 to $89 billion in 1929. However, the rewards of the Coolidge Prosperity of the 1920's were not shared evenly among all Americans. In 1929, the top 0.1 percentage of Americans had a combined income equal to the bottom 42%. That same top 0.1 percentage of Americans in 1929 controlled 34% of all savings, while 80% of Americans had no savings at all. Automotive industry tycoon Henry Ford provides an example of the unequal distribution of wealth between the rich and the middle-class. Henry Ford reported a personal income of $14 million in the same year that the average personal income was $750. This poor distribution of income between the rich and the middle class grew throughout the 1920's. While the disposable income per capita rose 9% from 1920 to 1929, those with income within the top 1-percentage enjoyed an extraordinary 75% increase in per capita disposable income. These market crashes, combined with the poor distribution of wealth, caused the American economy to overturn. Increased manufacturing output throughout this period created this large and growing gap between the rich and the working class. From 1923-1929, the average output per worker increased 32% in manufacturing. During that same period of time average wages for manufacturing jobs increased only 8%. Thus, wages increased at a rate one fourth as fast as productivity increased. As production costs fell quickly, wages rose slowly, and prices remained constant, the bulk benefit of the increased productivity went into corporate profits. In fact, from 1923-1929, corporate profits rose 62% and dividends rose 65%. The federal government also contributed to the growing gap between the rich and middle-class. Calvin Coolidge's administration (and the conservative-controlled government) favored business, and consequently those that invested in these businesses. An example of legislation to this purpose is the Revenue Act of 1926, signed by President Coolidge on February 26, 1926, which reduced federal income and inheritance taxes dramatically. Andrew Mellon, Coolidge's Secretary of the Treasury, was the main force behind these and other tax cuts throughout the 1920's. Even the Supreme Court played a role in expanding the gap between the social/economic classes. In the 1923 case Adkins v. Children's Hospital, the Supreme Court ruled minimum-wage legislation unconstitutional. The large and growing disproportion of wealth between the well to do and the middle-income citizens made the U.S. economy unstable. For an economy to function properly, total demand must equal total supply. In an economy with such different distribution of income, it is not assured that demand will equal supply. Essentially, what happened in the 1920's was that there was an oversupply of goods. It was not that the surplus products of industrialized society were not wanted, but rather that those whose needs were not satisfied could not afford more, whereas the wealthy were contented by spending only a small portion of their income. Three quarters of the U.S. population would spend essentially all of their yearly incomes to purchase consumer goods such as food, clothes, radios, and cars. These were the poor and middle class: families with incomes around, or usually less than, $2,500 a year. The bottom three quarters of the population had a collective income of less than 45% of the combined national income; the top 25% of the population took in more than 55% of the national income. Through this period, the U.S. relied upon two things in order for the economy to remain even: luxury spending, investment and credit sales. One solution to the problem of the vast majority of the population not having enough money to satisfy all their needs was to let those who wanted goods buy products on credit. The concept

Instructional Media Selection and Use

Instructional Media Selection and Use Instructional media can be defined as the tools that are used by educators to convey knowledge to learners. This is because learning cannot be conveyed through word of mouth and therefore, it is important for every educator to have them at hand (Scalan, n.d).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Instructional Media: Selection and Use specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The tools include chalk boards, compact disks, films, and handouts, among many others. These tools are used by educators to enhance the understanding of learners with regard to the topics that have been taught in the classroom. Instructional media are used for various reasons in the ISD process. The first one being that they attract the attention of the learner. If an educator stood in front of learners and gave lecturers without instructional media, the lesson could be boring and most learners can be distracted by other events. A few writings on the chalk boa rd go a long way towards drawing the attention of learners. This is because when a leaner sees that the educator has written something on the board he/she will focus on what is being said about those writings. Additionally, instructional media makes learning interesting. When there are films and compact discs the learning process is enhanced because films and videos, in particular, integrate entertainment into the learning process. Besides, when there are computers involved learners can perform other tasks due to the multitasking ability of computers such as playing a computer game or watching a movie. Scanlan (n.d) argues that this gives them freedom and thus they do not feel confined in the classroom. This can have a positive impact, especially among young learners.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When learning becomes interesting, the learners can hardly skip classes and this causes their performance to improve. Likewise, the media contains insights from different persons and thus, can be understood better. The language that is used in instructional media is sometimes appealing to the learners and this makes them accept the concepts that are explained by the media. In essence, instructional media such as compact disks provide convenience for the learners such that they can revisit them any time regardless of their location. In this regard, an educator does not just choose instructional media; there are several considerations that drive him/her towards choosing instructional media. The first issue revolves around the availability of the media. An educator could be willing to employ instructional media, but then if the institution he/she works for does not have such materials he/she has to carry on without them. If the materials are available the educator will choose the ones he/she is familiar with. Consequently, if the available materials are sophis ticated, he/she will avoid using them because he/she does not have the skills required to use them. For instance, if an educator is not computer literate he/she will be reluctant to use computers even if they are plenty in the institution. Furthermore, Russell et al. (2000) outline that the mode of learning influences the use of instructional media. For instance, learners who are in virtual classes, or in other words, distance learning require instructional material because the distance between them and the learning facility becomes a barrier. There are several guidelines that are applied when selecting instructional media. First, the educator has to find out whether the environment favors his/her preferred media.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Instructional Media: Selection and Use specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is because it would be insane to recommend the use of computers and films to learners who hail f rom locations that do not have electricity. In addition, the educator has to consider whether the media can accommodate all his/her learners. For instance, if handouts are to be used he/she should check that they are enough for everyone. This is because if they are scarce the learners may hesitate from using them, probably due to lack of money. Similarly, the educator should ensure that the learners are acquainted with his/her preferred instruction media. If they do not know how to use it, the educator’s objective will not be achieved. References Scanlan, C. L. (n.d.). Instructional Media: Selection and Use. Web. Russell, J.D. et al. (2000). Instructional Technology for Teaching and Learning: Designing Instruction, Integrating Computers, and Using Media (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Merril.

Ubasute yama - Learn from a Story

Ubasute yama - Learn from a Story Ubasute yama is one of the Japanese folktales. Uba means elderly woman and sute means to throw away or discard. Ubasute means abandoning an old woman. む㠁‹ã â€"〠Ã£â€šâ‚¬Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â€"〠Ã£â€š Ã£ Å'㠁 ¾Ã£  ¾Ã£  ªÃ£ Å Ã£  ¨Ã£  ®Ã¦ §ËœÃ£ Å'㠁„㠁 ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚㠁 Ã£  ®Ã£ Å Ã£  ¨Ã£  ®Ã¦ §ËœÃ£  ¯Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¯â€žÃ£â€šÅ Ã£ Å'Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ «Å'㠁„㠁 §Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚㠁‚ã‚‹æâ€" ¥Ã£â‚¬ Ã£  ¨Ã£  ®Ã¦ §ËœÃ£  ¯Ã£â‚¬ Ã¥ ® ¶Ã¦  ¥Ã£  «Ã¥â€º ½Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã£  «Ã§ «â€¹Ã£  ¦Ã¦Å" ­Ã£â€šâ€™Ã§ «â€¹Ã£  ¦Ã¦ â€˜Ã¤ º ºÃ£  «Ã£ â€œÃ£â€šâ€œÃ£  ªÃ£ â€œÃ£  ¨Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¥â€˜ ½Ã£ ËœÃ£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚ã€Å'å… ­Ã¥  Ã£â€šâ€™Ã© Å½Ã£ Å½Ã£ Å¸Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¥ ¯â€žÃ£â€šÅ Ã£  ¯Ã¥ ± ±Ã£  «Ã¦  ¨Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€¹Ã£  ¹Ã£ â€"。å ¾â€œÃ£â€š Ã£  ªÃ£ â€žÃ¥ ® ¶Ã£  ¯Ã£  ¿Ã£  ªÃ£ â€Ã£â€š Ã£ â€"。〠Ã¨ ª °Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£ Å'〠Ã¥ ® ¶Ã¤ ¸ ­Ã£  ®Ã£â€šâ€šÃ£  ®Ã£ Å'æ ® ºÃ£ â€¢Ã£â€šÅ'る㠁 ®Ã£â€šâ€™Ã¦  Ã£â€šÅ'㠁 ¦Ã£â‚¬ Ã¤ »â€¢Ã¦â€" ¹Ã£  ªÃ£  Ã£  ¨Ã£  ®Ã¦ §ËœÃ£  ®Ã¥â€˜ ½Ã¤ » ¤Ã£  «Ã¥ ¾â€œÃ£ â€žÃ£  ¾Ã£ â€"㠁Ÿã€‚㠁•ã  ¦Ã£â‚¬ Ã£  Ã£  ®Ã¦ â€ ˜Ã£  §Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨â‚¬ Ã£ â€žÃ£ Å¸Ã¦ ¯ Ã¨ ¦ ªÃ£â€šâ€™Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â€¹Ã£ Ë†Ã£ Å¸Ã¨â€¹ ¥Ã¨â‚¬â€¦Ã£ 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sugita toshiyori wa yama ni suteru beshi. Shitagawanai ie wa mina goroshi.Daremo ga, iejuu no mono ga korosareru no o osorete, shikatanaku tonosama nno meirei ni shitagaimashita.Sate, sono mura de toshioita hahaoya o kakaeta wakamono ga ori,Musuko yo. Watashi wa rokujuu desu, Yama ni sutete okure.Okaasan. Sonna hidoi koto wa dekimasen.Tonari no ie no obaasan mo, mae no ie no ojiisan mo, mou yama ni suteraremashita. Nayamanakutemo ii desu yo.Wakamono wa, shibushibu hahaoya o senaka ni seou to, yama o noborimashita ga, yahari haha o yama ni okizarini suru koto wa dekizu, hahaoya o seotte, yoru kossori ie ni modori, soshite, ura no naya ni kakushimashita. Suujitsu tatta hi no koto, tonosama wa, murabito ni hai no nawa o tsukuru you meijimashita.Okaasan. Otonosama ga hai no nawa o tsukure to no koto desu. Yattemimashita ga dekimasen. Daremo dekinai to, nengu ga takaku narimasu.Musuko yo. Sore wa kantan desu yo. Oshiete agemashou.Musuko wa, iwareta toori, waranawa no wa o tsukuru to, sore o shiomizu no naka ni ire, kawakashite moyashi, dekita hai no nawa o shinchou ni tonosama no tokoro ni motte ikimashita. Onushi, nakanaka yaru na. Yokarou. Soredewa, mou sukoshi muzukashii mondai o dasou. Kore wa ippon no bou de aru. Dochira ga ne no hou de, dochira ga eda no hou ka, ichiryoujitsu ni, hakkiri sasenasai.Wakamono wa, bou o ie ni mochikaerimashita ga, tohouni kure, haha ni tazunemashita.Kantan desu yo. Mizu no haitta oke o motte kinasai.Musuko wa oke o youi shi, bou o mizu no naka ni iremashita.Mite goran. Shita ni aru hou ga nekko de, uita hou ga eda desu yo.Wakamono wa tonosama no mae de, kotae o iimashita. Yaru na. Soredewa ichiban muzukashii mondai o dasou. Tatakanakutemo oto ga deru taiko o tsukutte kinasai.Wakamono wa massaona kao o shite taiko o kakaete ie ni modoru to, haha ni tasuke o motomemashita.Totemo kantan desu yo. Yama de hachi o suuhiki tsukamaete kinasai.Hahaoya wa, sukoshi taiko no kawa o yurumeru to, hachi o sono naka ni ire, mata kawa o shimemashita. Taiko ga oto o tatehajimemashita.Wakamono wa oto no suru taiko o tonosama ni watashimashita.Maitta. Sochi wa hitori de mittsu no nandai o toita no ka.Otonosama, jitsu o moushimasu to, mondai o toita nowa, watashi dewa naku, hahaoya desu. Otonosama wa, toshiyori o yama ni suteru you meijimashita. Demo watashi wa, sonoyouna zankokuna koto wa dekimasendeshita. Haha o naya ni kakushimashita. Toshiyori wa karada wa yoyaku natte mo, wakai mono yori monoshiri desu.Tonosama wa shibaraku kangaete,Sono toori dana. Washi ga machigatteita. Mou toshiyori o yama ni suteru nowa yosou.Sorekara sono kuni wa otoshiyori o taisetsuni suru ku ni ni narimashita. Vocabulary mukashi mukashi 昔々 - once upon a timewagamama ã‚ Ã£ Å'㠁 ¾Ã£  ¾ - selfishtoshiyori Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã£â€šË†Ã£â€šÅ  - an old persondaikirai Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥ «Å'㠁„ - to hatearu hi 㠁‚ã‚‹æâ€" ¥ - one daykerai Ã¥ ® ¶Ã¦  ¥ a followertatefuda ç «â€¹Ã¦Å" ­ - a signmurabito æ â€˜Ã¤ º º - a villagermeijiru å‘ ½Ã£ ËœÃ£â€šâ€¹ - to orderyama Ã¥ ± ± - a mountainsuteru æ  ¨Ã£  ¦Ã£â€šâ€¹ - to throw awayshitagau Ã¥ ¾â€œÃ£ â€  - to followkorosu æ ® ºÃ£ â„¢ - to killosoreru æ  Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ - to get scaredshikatanaku ä »â€¢Ã¦â€" ¹Ã£  ªÃ£   - reluctantly; unwillinglywakamono è‹ ¥Ã¨â‚¬â€¦ - the youthmusuko æ  ¯Ã¥ ­  - a sonokaasan 㠁Šæ ¯ Ã£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œ - a motherhidoi 㠁 ²Ã£  ©Ã£ â€ž - terribletonari 㠁 ¨Ã£  ªÃ£â€šÅ  - the house next doorobaasan 㠁Šã  °Ã£ â€šÃ£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œ - an old womanojiisan 㠁Šã ËœÃ£ â€žÃ£ â€¢Ã£â€šâ€œ - an old mannayamu æ‚ ©Ã£â€šâ‚¬ - to be worried; to be distressedshibu shibu 㠁â€"㠁 ¶Ã£ â€"㠁 ¶ - r eluctantlysenaka èÆ'Å'ä ¸ ­ - a backseou èÆ'Å'è ²  Ã£ â€  - to carrynoboru ç™ »Ã£â€šâ€¹ - to climbyahari や㠁 ¯Ã£â€šÅ  - as expectedokizari ç ½ ®Ã£  Ã¥Å½ »Ã£â€šÅ  - leave; desertyoru Ã¥ ¤Å" - a nightkossori 㠁“㠁 £Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ  - secretlyura è £  - backnaya ç ´ Ã¥ ±â€¹ - a shedkakusu éš  Ã£ â„¢ - to hidesuujitsu æ• °Ã¦â€" ¥ -   several dayshai ç  ° - ashnawa ç ¸â€ž - a ropetsukuru 㠁 ¤Ã£  Ã£â€šâ€¹ - to makeneijiru 㠁 ­Ã£ ËœÃ£â€šâ€¹ - to twistnengu Ã¥ ¹ ´Ã¨ ² ¢ - a tributetakai é «ËœÃ£ â€ž - expensivekantan ç ° ¡Ã¥ Ëœ - easyoshieru 教㠁ˆã‚‹ - to teachwa è ¼ ª - a ringshiomizu Ã¥ ¡ ©Ã¦ ° ´ - salt waterkawakasu ä ¹ ¾Ã£ â€¹Ã£ â„¢ - to drymoyasu ç‡Æ'や㠁™ - to burnshinchou æ…Žé‡  - carefullymou sukoshi も㠁†å °â€˜Ã£ â€" - a little moremuzukashii é› £Ã£ â€"㠁„ - difficultmondai å• Ã© ¡Å' - a problemippon ä ¸â‚¬Ã¦Å" ¬ - onebou æ £â€™ - a stickne æ   ¹ - a rooteda æž  - a branchhakkiri 㠁 ¯Ã£  £Ã£  Ã£â€šÅ  - clearlyie Ã¥ ® ¶ - hometohou ni kureru 途æâ€" ¹Ã£  «Ã¦Å¡ ®Ã£â€šÅ'ã‚‹ - to be at a losstazuneru Ã¥ °â€¹Ã£  ­Ã£â€šâ€¹ - to askoke æ ¡ ¶ - a pailyoui suru ç” ¨Ã¦â€ž Ã£ â„¢Ã£â€šâ€¹ - to prepareichiban ä ¸â‚¬Ã§â€¢ ª - the firsttataku 㠁Ÿã Å¸Ã£   - to hitoto éŸ ³ -   noisetaiko Ã¥ ¤ ªÃ© ¼â€œ - a drummassao çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã© â€™ - palekakaeru æŠ ±Ã£ Ë†Ã£â€šâ€¹ - to holdyurumeru ç · ©Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ - to loosenshimeru ç ·  Ã£â€š Ã£â€šâ€¹ - to fastennandai é› £Ã© ¡Å' - a difficult problemzankoku æ ®â€¹Ã©â€¦ · - cruelmonoshiri ç‰ ©Ã§Å¸ ¥Ã£â€šÅ  - a knowledgeable personmachigau éâ€"“é â€¢Ã£ â€  - to make a mistaketaisetsu Ã¥ ¤ §Ã¥Ë†â€¡ - importantkuni å› ½ - a country Grammar (1) Prefix Ma Ma çÅ"Ÿ is a prefix to emphasize the noun that comes after ma.makka çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã¨ µ ¤ - bright redmasshiro çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã§â„¢ ½ - pure whitemassao çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã© â€™ - deep bluemakkuro çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã© »â€™ - black as inkmanatsu çÅ"Ÿå ¤  - the middle of summermassaki çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã¥â€¦Ë† - at the very firstmakkura çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã¦Å¡â€" - pitch-darkmapputatsu çÅ"Ÿã  £Ã¤ ºÅ'㠁 ¤ - right in two (2) Counters Every language has a different way of counting objects; the Japanese use counters. They are similar to English expressions such as a cup of ~, a sheet of ~ and so on. There are a variety of counters, often based on the shape of the object. Counters are attached directly to a number (e.g. ni-hai, san-mai). Following the next couple of paragraphs, I have included counters for the following categories: objects, duration, animals, frequency, order, people and others. Objects When combining a number with a counter, the pronunciation of the number or the counter might change. Click the link for each counter to learn about the phonetic change. hon æÅ" ¬ - Long, cylindrical objects: trees, pens, etc. mai æžš - Flat, thin objects: paper, stamps, dishes, etc. ko 個 - Broad category of small and compact objects hai æ  ¯ - Liquid in cups, glasses, bowls, etc. satsu 冊 - Bound objects: books, magazines, etc. dai Ã¥  ° - Vehicles, machines etc. kai 階 - The floor of a building ken ä » ¶ - Houses, buildings soku è ¶ ³ - Pairs of footwear: sock, shoes, etc. tsuu 通 - Letters Click here to learn the Japanese Counting Song Ippon demo Ninjin.

Why South African Constitution is better than the United State's Essay

Why South African Constitution is better than the United State's constitution - Essay Example The constitution also provides for the bills of right, how it enshrines bills of right is one of the most important issues that are being looked for in the constitution to demonstrate its efficacy. One can make a conclusion whether the constitution is meant to suppress its citizen or for their prosperity. How it recognizes the freedom and the rights of the citizen for economic growth is also a factor to consider in assessing the accommodative nature of the constitution.1 Difference in the US and SA Constitution Mark Kende in his writing has compared the constitution of the US and that of South Africa with assertion that the South African constitution in this regard remains detailed and inclusive than that of the US. Kende posits that the US constitution provides more for the negative values as compared with the South African constitution, this he summarizes in his theory that liberty should presume subsistence.2 Kende also urges that the human right experts have caste the fundamental human rights in to three generations; the political and civil rights, socio-economic rights, and green right. In this reference of human rights classification, Cass Sustein also resonates with Kende that in the consideration of the three classifications, the South African constitution remains admirable compared with that of the US.3

SWOT Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

SWOT Analysis - Essay Example It advances chess in the American culture through the hosting of the United States Championships. The performance of children and their character are improving. This is considered as strength. According to the mission states of the association, it aims at strengthening the character and the mind of the young scholars. This result is a clear indication that the foundation is realizing its mission statement. This strength is distinctive as the change can be felt in the entire nation. Strengthening the mind of children improves their academic performance. Also, the children affected will impact others and this guarantees the future of a nation. This shows that the organization is beneficial to the nation (Allison et al., 2005). Since the organization is a nonprofit organization which is still achieving its goals, then its volunteers feel motivated. With motivated volunteers, there is the assurance of quality delivery from them. This will also attract more volunteers who will want to work for the organization. With a large number of volunteers, it means that the organization is saving quite an amount of money that could be utilized to meet its goals. Thus the organization will continue being a success, as good work force is vital for success (Allison et al., 2005). The nonprofit organization faces deficit of funds to cover its expenses. It cannot match the salaries of its for-profit competitors. The staff therefore, may not be motivated by the amount of money they earn and the founders, by the profits that they make. This lowers their compensation and diverts their focus on the satisfaction they get from their work. Since the foundation is realizing its goals and making an impact in the entire nation, this should motivate the founders and the staff. The organization’s stakeholders should try to involve donors who provide funds and engage in activities that can raise funds for

Crystal Growth and Nonlinear Optics

Crystal Growth and Nonlinear Optics CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO CRYSTAL GROWTH AND NONLINEAR OPTICS 1.1  INTRODUCTION Crystal growth is regarded as an ancient subject, owing to the fact that the crystallization of salt and sugar were known to the ancient Indian and Chinese civilizations. The subject of crystal growth was treated as part of crystallography and never had an independent identity until the last century. It has a long history of evolution from â€Å"a substance potting art† to a science in its own right which has accelerated by the invention of transistor in 1948, and the subsequent need for high purity semiconductor single crystals. Crystals are the unacknowledged pillars of modern technology. The fundamentals of crystal growth was entirely bestowed upon the morphological studies of the naturally occurring crystals. Thus began the scientific approach for this subject during the seventeenth century by Kepler, followed by quite a few others like Nicolous Steno, Descartes, Bartholinus, etc. This type of morphological study slowly led to the understanding of the atomistic process of crystal growth. Recent bursting research on nanostructured materials depend on the crystal growth theory and technology. In the early twentieth century, the crystal growth evolved as a separate branch of science and several theories from Kossel, Donnay-Harker, Volmer and Burton, Cabrera and Frank (BCF) were proposed. Although science of crystal growth originated through the explanations of Nicolous Steno in 1669, the actual impetus to this field began after the BCF theory was formulated and also when there was a great demand for crystals during World War II. Crystal growth plays an important role in material science and engineering. It is an interdisciplinary subject of physics and chemistry. Initially the natural crystals were adored as gems and museum pieces. Later, a transition of crystals has occurred from museum to technology which stimulated crystal grower community to produce large crystals artificially. In the recent scientific era, the utility of crystals has been extended to novel devices such as nonlinear optical and piezoelectric devices. Atomic arrangement with periodicity in three dimensional pattern at equally repeated distances are called single crystals. The preparation of single crystal is more difficult than polycrystalline material and extra effort is justified because of outstanding properties of single crystals (Laudise 1970). The single crystal growth has prominent role in the present era because of rapid technical and scientific advancement. The application of crystals has unbounded limits because of its special optical and electrical properties over noncrystalline material. This means that the new crystals have to be grown and fabricated in order to assess their device properties. The main parameters which involve in crystal growth are nucleation, growth rate, stability, crystalline defects, compositional inhomogeneity and thermodynamics of the source of liquid. The evolution in the crystal growth requires not only scientific understanding, but also the driving force of applied technology which so often provides a significant influence in highlighting the lack of scientific knowledge and need for a more refined evolution of science and indeed the development of new concepts. The studies on the growth and physical properties of single crystals of amino acids and their compounds are of great interest because they possess properties such as piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity and possibly ferroelectricity. In the recent century, the development of science in many areas has been achieved through the growth of single crystals. The single crystals designed for producing second harmonic generation (SHG) received consistent attention for applications in the field of telecommunication, optical information processing, laser remote sensing and colour displays. 1.2  KINETICS OF CRYSTAL GROWTH Crystals are solid substances in general which may be obtained from solid, liquid or vapour phase. Except for solid phase, all other phases yield crystals with developed faces, which represent the crystal medium interface during the development of a crystal from the growth medium. Subsequently, the crystal faces contain information about the nature of the interfaces as well as about the phenomena taking place at the interface. In solid phase growth, some grains grow larger at the expense of others and the interface mainly concave with respect to the growing grain and lies in the interior of the bulk mass. In melt growth, the interface is forced to take the shape of the isotherm inside the crucible containing the melt. However, in both cases, a free development of the faces is rarely encountered. It is also possible to obtain valuable information about the growth processes by using suitable methods. Elementary processes involved in the development of the micromorphology of as grown surfaces of bulk single crystal and epitaxial layers, and of evaporated and etched surfaces under different experimental conditions are essentially similar irrespective of the type of a material. When a crystal nucleus attains a critical size, then it grows into crystal of macroscopic dimension with well developed faces. Several theories have been proposed to explain the mechanism of crystal growth. They are: Surface energy theory, Adsorption layer theory and Diffusion theory. The surface energy theory states that the growing crystal assumes a shape, which has a minimum surface energy. According to adsorption layer theory, a molecule arriving at a crystal surface from the bulk of the supersaturated solution or super cooled melt loses a part of its latent heat. All molecules similar to this move along the surface and join together to form a small two dimensional nucleus due to inelastic collision. Bravious proposed that the growth rate of a crystal face depends on reticular densities of a lattice point of that face. The surface energy is the least when the face possesses the greatest reticular density. The attachment energy is due to Vander Waals force in the case of homopolar crystals and it is due to electrostatic forces in the case of ionic crystals. According to the diffusion theory matter is deposited continuously on a crystal phase at the rate proportional to the difference in concentration between the point of deposition and the bulk of the solution. In diffusion theory, the molecules in contact with the crystal surface are adsorbed quickly. A concentration gradient is thus produced between the bulk of the solution and the growing crystal surface. The mass transfer from the bulk of the solution to the surface involves molecular diffusion. In general, in any crystal growth process, the following steps are involved: (i) Generation of reactants (ii) Transport of reactants to the growth surface (iii) Adsorption at the growth surface (iv) Nucleation (v) Growth and (vi) Removal of unwanted reaction products from the growth surface 1.2.1  Solution, Solubility and Super Solubility A solution is a homogeneous mixture of a solute in a solvent. Solute is a component, which is present in a smaller quantity. For a given solute, there may be different solvents. The solvent is chosen taking into account of the following factors to grow crystals from solution: (i) Good solubility for the given solute (ii) Good temperature coefficient of solute solubility Less viscosity (iv) Less volatility (v) Less corrosion and non toxicity (vi) Low vapour pressure and (vii) Cost advantage Solubility of the material in a solvent decides the amount of the material, which is available for the growth and hence defines the total size limit. Solubility gradient is another important parameter, which dictates the growth procedure. If the solubility gradient is very small, slow evaporation of the solvent is the best option for crystal growth in order to maintain a constant supersaturation in the solution. Growth of crystals from solution is mainly a diffusion-controlled process. The medium must be viscous enough to enable faster transference of the growth units from the bulk solution by diffusion. Hence, a solvent with less viscosity is preferable. Supersaturation is an important parameter for the solution growth process. The crystal grows by the access of the solute in the solution where the degree of supersaturation is maintained. The solubility data at various temperatures are essential to determine the level of supersaturation. Hence, the solubility of the solute in the ch osen solvent must be determined before starting the growth process. The relationship between the equilibrium concentrations as a function of temperature is represented by the solubility diagram in Figure 1.1 which is known as temperature-concentration diagram. Miers carried out extensive research in the relationship between supersaturation and spontaneous crystallization. The lower continuous line is the normal solubility curve for the salt concerned. Temperature and concentration at which spontaneous crystallization occurs are represented by the upper broken curve, generally referred to as the supersolubility curve. The whole concentration-temperature field is separated by the saturated solution line (solubility curve) into two regions, unsaturated and supersaturated solutions. Saturated solutions are those mixtures, which can retain their equilibrium indefinitely in contact with the solid phase with respect to which they are saturated. The solubility of most substances increase with temperature (the temperature coefficient of the solubility is posi tive) and crystals can be grown only from supersaturated solutions, which contain an excess of the solute above the equilibrium value. The temperature-concentration diagram is divided into three regions, which are termed as region I, II and III respectively. Figure 1.1 Miers solubility curve (i)The stable (undersaturated) zone where crystallization is not possible (Region I). (ii)The region II is a metastable zone, between the solubility and supersolubility curves, where spontaneous crystallization is improbable. However, if a seed crystal is placed in metastable solution, growth would occur on it. (iii)The region III is an unstable or labile (supersaturation) zone, where spontaneous crystallization is more probable. If the solution whose concentration and temperature represented by point A in the Figure. 1.1, is cooled without loss of solvent (Line ABC) spontaneous crystallization cannot occur until conditions represented by point C are reached. At this point, crystallization is spontaneous. Further cooling to some point D will produce spurious nucleation. The evaporation of solvent from the solution results in supersaturation. The line AB’C’ represents an operation carried out at constant temperature. Penetration beyond the supersolubility curve into the labile zone rarely happens, as the surface from which evaporation takes place is usually supersaturated to a greater degree than the bulk of solution. Crystals, which appear on this surface eventually fall into the solution and seed in it. In practice, a combination of cooling and evaporation as represented by the line AB†C† is also adopted. 1.2.2  Expression for Supersaturation In order to grow crystals, the solution must be supersaturated. Supersaturation is the driving force, which governs the rate of crystal growth. The supersaturation of a system may be expressed in number of ways. The basic units of concentration as well as temperature must be specified. The degree of supersaturation of a solution is defined using the concept of absolute supersaturation (1.1) where C is the concentration of the dissolved substance at a given moment and Co is its solubility limit. The degree of supersaturation can also be defined as the relative supersaturation, which is given by (1.2) or as the coefficient of supersaturation. (1.3) The quantities ÃŽ ±, ÃŽ ² and à Ã¢â‚¬Å" are interrelated (Khamshii 1969) 1.3  NUCLEATION In a supersaturated or super cooled system, few atoms or molecules join together and a change in energy takes place during the formation of clusters. The cluster of atoms or molecules is called embryo. An embryo may grow or disintegrate and disappear completely. If the embryo grows to a particular size, critical size known as critical nucleus, then there is a tendency for the nucleus to grow. Thus, nucleation is an important phenomenon in crystal growth and is the precursor of crystal growth and of the overall crystallization process. The formation of stable nucleus occurs only by the addition of a number of molecules (A1) until a critical cluster is formed. In general A n-1 + A 1 → A n (Critical) (1.4) Any further addition to the critical nucleus results in nucleation followed by growth. Once these nucleus grow beyond a certain size, they become stable under the average condition of supersaturation of the solution. Further, the creation of a new phase in the homogeneous solution demands for the expenditure of certain quantity of energy. Once embryos achieve this critical size there is a high probability that they will grow, relatively unhindered, to macroscopic size. 1.3.1  Types of Nucleation Nucleation may occur spontaneously or may be induced artificially. These two cases are frequently referred to as homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleation respectively. The term primary will be reserved for both the cases of nucleation in the systems that do not contain crystalline matter. On the other hand, the nucleus is often generated in the vicinity of crystals presented in the supersaturated system. This phenomenon is referred to as secondary nucleation. Figure 1.2 shows the classification of nucleation. The spontaneous formation of crystalline nucleus in the interior of the parent phase is called homogeneous nucleation. If the nucleus forms heterogeneously around ions, impurity molecules or on dust particles, on surfaces or at structural irrgularities such as dislocations or other imperfections is called heterogeneous nucleation. Figure 1.2 Schematic diagram indicating the classification of nucleation Nucleation can often be induced by external processes like agitation, friction, mechanical shock, electromagnetic fields, extreme pressure, ultraviolet, X-rays, ÃŽ ³Ã¢â‚¬â€œ rays, sonic and ultrasonic radiation and so on (Mullin 2001; Laudise 1975; Gilman 1963; Stringfellow 1979; Sangwal 1987; Jancic Grootscholten 1984). 1.3.2  Energy of formation of a nucleus Any isolated droplet of a fluid is most stable when its free energy is maximum and thus its area is minimum. The growth of an embryo or a crystal could be considered as an example of this principle. The total energy of the crystal in equilibrium with its surrounding at constant temperature and pressure would be minimum for a given volume. When a volume free energy per unit volume is considered to be constant ÃŽ £ai ÏÆ'i = minimum (1.5) whereai is area of ith face and ÏÆ'i is surface energy per unit area Thus considering the nucleus to be spherical, the energy of formation of the nucleus is determined. 1.3.3  Energy of Formation of Spherical Nucleus The formation of a droplet nucleus due to supersaturation of vapour demands the expenditure of a certain quantity of energy in the creation of new phase. Therefore the total free energy change associated with the formation of homogeneous nucleation may be considered as follows. Let ΔG be the overall excess free energy of the embryo between the two phases. Since the volume and surface free energies, the total free energy associated with the process can be written as ΔG = ΔG S + ΔG V (1.6) where ΔGS is the surface free energy change and ΔGV is the volume free energy change. For a spherical nucleus of radius r, ΔG = Ï€r3 ΔG V + 4 Ï€r2ÃŽ ³ (1.7) The first term expresses the formation of the new surface and the second term expresses the difference in the chemical potential between the crystalline phase and the surrounding mother liquid. Where ÃŽ ³ is the interfacial tension and ΔGv is the free energy change per unit volume, which is a negative quantity, r the radius of the nucleus. Since the surface free energy increases with r2 and volume free energy decreases with r3, the total net free energy change increases with increase in size and attains a critical value after which it decreases. The size corresponding to the maximum free energy change is called critical nucleus.

Has Globalisation Destroyed the Power of the Modern State? Essay

There is not doubt that globalisation is one of the buzzwords of the twenty first century, radically transforming international relations around the world, and directly or indirectly altering the way we view global politics, but how much has it affected nation states and their power? Globalisation is a complex and abstract term which has been given many definitions and meanings. For the purpose of this essay, I shall use a single definition which is closest to what I think globalisation is, and when referred to in the essay, this is what is meant. Heywood (2011) states that â€Å"Globalization is the emergence of a complex web of interconnectedness that means that our lives are increasingly shaped by events that occur, and decisions that are made, at a great distance from us.† The causes of this interconnectedness can be broken down into three engines of globalisation; Cultural, Political and Economic. Cultural globalisation is facilitated by technological advances in communic ations and especially the internet. This enables a large amount of the developed worlds population instant access to vast amounts of information unaffected by physical borders (except when censorship is in place), which in turn is making the world more culturally homogeneous. The rise of multinational actors like transnational corporations (TNC’s (for example Sony, Nestlà © and Nike)), non governmental organisations (NGO’s (for example Greenpeace, Oxfam and Amnesty International)) and other international organisations (eg; UN, EU and NATO) means that there are more authoritative actors on the world stage, as opposed to historically, states being the only predominant actor. Globalisation means that the economic market is now truly global, as money can be shifted worldwide in an instant. This has facilitated businesses to operate in different countries to their home country to take advantage of cheaper labour costs, local resources and other factors, which mean goods are now manufactured on a global scale. All these factors mean that geographical distance and territorial borders are becoming â€Å"less significant† (Heywood 2011). Since the creation of the modern idea of statehood after the Peace of Westphalia (1648), the nation state has been vastly the most predominant actor on the world stage. Sovereignty allowed states to have sole power over what happened within their own borders, and disputes between states usually brought about war. The classic definition of a state as outlined in the Montevideo Convention has four features: 1) A defined territory. 2) A permanent population. 3) An effective government. 4) The capacity to enter into relations with other states.

Getting the Best Essay Topics on Domestic Violence

Getting the Best Essay Topics on Domestic Violence Domestic violence is thought to be a widespread problem but it's also among the most under-reported crimes, which makes it troublesome to provide a realistic estimate of the amount of incidents. It is a type of abuse. It is among the serious social problems that should not be ignored. It is most commonly referred to as Spousal Abuse. Female immigrants or refugees face lots of the exact challenges as other abused ladies. Building prisons and increasing incarceration isn't the only remedy to the issue of violence. A Socio-Economic Crisis Domestic violence against women isn't a person or family issue. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Essay Topics on Domestic Violence Still, every one of them would show up in the overall list. Typically, it takes as many as 2 hours of time to comb through dozens of sites until you discover something exciting to write about. Our site features custom writing help and editing help. There are an infinite number of websites that have sample papers on a wide selection of topic. If you already know the guidelines you'll have to follow, try and stay with it. Standard policy formation has ever centered on the women since they've been historically exposed to the matter of domestic violence. The policy is going to be implemented by the USA department of health and human services. I n the standard context, the policies are confined to the women. Others, however, appear to be relatively immune' to detrimental short-term consequences. Distinct kinds of physicians take part in intervening for the victims. Providing superior MH and wellness services to children who witness domestic violence, in actuality, is among the best approaches to reducing the upcoming prevalence of violence. The communities are predicted to support the policy since it's developed for the mutual advantage of all of the members. The Nuiances of Essay Topics on Domestic Violence When you compose an excellent essay, you need to pay exclusive attention to its structure. If you would like to base your doctoral project on the topic of domestic violence, you should choose a great topic for your work. The format and structure of the essay will also vary based on the kind of paper you're likely to write. As soon as you have mastered the format of 3 paragraphs it's possible to move to the five paragraphs. It's great because the subject of your graduate paper ought to be appealing for you in the very first location. You must be proficient in the topic, have an overall idea about the chosen issue and can get the best arguments to show your thesis. For example, your thesis might handle a specific kind of injury. Failing to have a really awesome thesis only means you are not going to have an excellent domestic violence paper. A Startling Fact about Essay Topics on Domestic Violence Uncovered It is very important that you create an outstanding perspective on your topic you may support and defend. The development of one approach to the problem is called for to be able to curb the hidden matter. You need to be able to receive enough info to research your dissertation idea. Scholarship essay examples are supplied for insight on the best way to write a scholarship essay. You must also provide your landlord a copy of a security program, which you'll be able to create with the assista nce of your community domestic violence or sexual assault agency. Ally you need to do is to correctly submit your order instructions and create the payment. The camping educates the women about how to manage a number of the sexual assault incidences that could possibly be classified as rapes like date rape and statutory rape. New Questions About Essay Topics on Domestic Violence Decide whether it's reasonable, to provide the offender yet another chance. The abuser would control the sort of people that you hang around with, even to the extent they won't want to have the individual hanging or even talking to your own friends and family members. Sexual abuse is very hard to detect due to its intimate nature. For ladies, escaping an abusive relationship is quite hard. How the society or a specific community enables the practice doesn't make it right. The suppression of the real details of how their partners are abusing them is a little price which they have to pay to keep the social perspective that the remainder of the community has about them. However good a policy is, the real benefits will be contingent on how the policy educators communicate it. The use of the media in making everybody aware of the issue. Where to Find Essay Topics on Domestic Violence It is normal for the victim for less money as the abuse remains. Physical abuse may also include behaviors like denying the casualty of health care when needed, depriving the victim of sleep or other functions essential to live. Abuse as a young child, was a casualty of abuse for a kid, abused former partners and unemployed or underemployed. Psychological abuse, or behavior that is directed at intimidating and persecuting an individual, is also regarded to be a type of domestic violence the moment it takes place in the family. To safeguard your own well being you would need to leave. Research hypothesis The significant objective of the research is to establish the source of gun violence in American schools and also discover the point to which tighter gun control measures can help to manage the problem. It's quite simple to use together with self explanatory. The best alternative for folks who suffer from any sort of domestic violence is to break the relationship.

The Effects Of Obesity On The Health Organization - 905 Words

Being out of the healthy weight range is called obesity or overweight, which according to The World Health Organization, WHO, (2010 ) is measured by body mass index (BMI), which is the weight of the body over the height squared. People who have a BMI over 25 kg/m^(-2) are considered overweight, while people who have a BMI over 30 kg/m^(-2) are considered obese. Obesity can be the main cause of many cardiovascular diseases. This severe issue can be caused by many factors, and even though there are some unpreventable causes like genetics, this essay is going to focus on some of preventable causes only. In the following paragraphs, a brief information of obesity effects are to be presented, and three causes are going to presented along with solutions for each cause. The three causes of obesity are some biological enhanced food, lack of physical activity, and regular consumption of fast food. Lastly, recommendations will be given in order to reduce obesity or maintain a healthy BMI . Obesity is considered a deadly disease if not cured as it can cause some other terminal diseases like cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases as more than 200,000 deaths in the UK annually were caused due to obesity surpassing cancer deaths, which is only around 150,000 deaths, S. Allender and M. Rayner (2007). In addition, obesity is guilty of 8% to 15% loss of disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in Europe and North America. Firstly, some biological enhanced food is a one cause ofShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity Analysis1473 Words   |  6 PagesParents Child Caretakers Obesity in America is literally a growing problem, affecting every age group. Children are the most venerable group because they have no control over where they have dinner or how often they have fast food. Parents and guardians make decisions about food and are responsible for the health of children. Childhood obesity has more than doubled in the last twenty years. 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