Law of tort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Law of tort - Essay Example Amy was likely to have a tort of negligence against Bob. This is the omission to do something that a reasonable person guided by considerations that regulate ordinarily, the conduct of human affairs would do or not do. In this case, to succeed in the action of negligence, Amy should be able to prove; a legal duty of care, that the defendant was in breach of the legal duty and that the act of breach led to the suffering of the damages. With regards to the duty of care, Amy will have to prove that Bob owed her the duty of care. Applying the rule of Atkins where the rule that you have to love your neighbor becomes in the law that you must not injure your neighbor. Arguing along this line, Bob's neighbor was Amy and because of Bob's careless driving, he ended up injuring Amy (Heather, 2004). On the other hand, it can be possible that there was a breach of duty when Bob carelessly drove his care leading to the injury of Amy. This is something he could have avoided by simple standard care required when driving. Finally, since negligence is not actionable, Amy should prove that the injury sustained was due to breach as a result of Bob's carelessness. Before the accident, Amy was physically well, however, because of the accident, Amy sustained injuries. This enough proof of the negligence. The state that has the jurisdiction over the case is Colorado, however, Washington may also claim the same. Jurisdiction may be defined as the power of the court to make a decision on a case that will be enforceable by the authorities as well as other courts.

Use of Social Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Use of Social Media - Research Paper Example This paper tells that social media has been flagged as a potential threat if used inappropriately. Issues of privacy, unnecessary information, negative influence, devaluation of human values are some of the negative issues associated with social media. For proper utilization of social media, governments should take control on managing social media so that issues like privacy, dangerous outcomes, and endless distractions can be maintained. Certainly, social media connects millions of people across the world. Among these people are genuine users as well as hackers and other malicious identities. Social media such as Facebook is a good avenue for accessing a large pool of people of all kinds. This makes it an attractive haven for any person with personal interests. For instance, politicians have often used social media to propagate their political ideologies some of which may trigger hatred among the target groups. North Africa an Arabian region revolution that began in Tunisia is a goo d example of overwhelming political usage of social media. Advertisers and business entities are always crawling through social media in search for opportunity to exploit. Whereas everybody is looking at an opportunity to benefit themselves, it poses a serious privacy risks to social media users. Certainly, â€Å"Breaches of privacy and security are frequently mentioned topics and so is identity theft, online bullying, and disclosure of potentially damaging or embarrassing personal information† (Shneiderman et al, 2011).  Perhaps one of the most potentially dangerous technologies is social media. Due to the high degree of penetration, wide usage, freedom, anonymity, and interconnectivity, social media is potentially dangerous if not properly regulated. Politically, social media, particularly Facebook, has been a prime platform for the propagation of political and religious views. It does not come by surprise that the recent revolution in Tunisia, Egypt, and other Islamic co untries was made possible by social media. The hazardous nature of social media stems from the fact that it supports anonymity. People have different thoughts and ideologies that they would like others to adopt. Whereas some people have well-meaning ideologies, others such as extremists, pose a danger to the population. According to Shneiderman et al (2011), â€Å"the potential for more polarized discussions as users selectively view only materials aligned with their world view and scientists retreat to narrow research topics.† Terrorists have also been using social media platforms to propagate their ideologies. In order to protect users of social media against uncontrolled use, the relevant authorities need to put measures into place (Madhava, 2011). For example, it may be necessary and important for all social media platforms to keep electronic and retrievable copies of all web activities. This way, it would be easy for the relevant authorities to keep track of potentially harmful use. Additionally, user information may be required to be incorporated within the usage of the media platforms so that users can be held accountable for wrongful use of social media.  

Poverty in New Mexico Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Poverty in New Mexico - Research Paper Example A recent USDA report says that 28% of the New Mexico population does not has access to medical insurance and are extremely vulnerable in case of ill-health (TVC grant county). Poverty is more prevalent in the rural areas, although it by no means spares the urban centers of the state. How did such massive poverty engulf the state of New Mexico? In this research paper we will analyze some of the historical and cultural reasons which have been responsible for high poverty rates in this state. In the last session we will analyze some solutions which can be implemented in order to ensure that the poverty levels decline in the state and people are able to sustain them. Historical & Cultural reasons for poverty Poverty in New Mexico is not a recent phenomenon. It has always been neglected by all its rulers. In this section we analyze the reasons for this historical neglect of the state of New Mexico.... These three cities were the gateway to the north for the Spaniards. The first gateway city was El Paso, Texas which was part of a fertile river valley and the lowest pass across the Rocky Mountains. The other gateway cities were Matamoros on the eastern edge and San Diego on the western edge (Roberts, Calvin A. Roberts and Chilton). The setting up of these cities led to the establishment of a North-South trade route, ignoring the east-west route at the expense of New Mexico region. As the New Mexican region was far away from Spanish seat of power, the development focused only on these three cities and the large hinterland of Arizona and New Mexico was ignored. After the independence of Mexico, the Mexican government continued the trend and focused only on the north south trade route; thus leading to the further growth of these cities .This caused prosperity in Texas and California while New Mexico and Arizona suffered from neglect (Roberts, Calvin A. Roberts and Chilton). Apache Raid s It is not that no exploration was made by the Spaniards or the Mexicans in to the territory of New Mexico .Coronado made a famous exploration in 1540 through Northern Mexico. However all the settlers in this area had to face raids by the Apache Indians? These regular raids made it difficult to set up roads and communication in the area. The explorer’s also did not find enough gold or other minerals here which will make economic sense to fight these raids. The Apache Indian were terrified of foreigners since the Spanish took them into slave trade and thus worked overtime to drive away settlers and development from the New Mexican region (Lund). Harsh Terrain The harsh and rough terrain of New Mexico and the absence of an east-west road system frustrated the

My reflection of analysis on Philosophies of Judaism, Christianity, Essay

My reflection of analysis on Philosophies of Judaism, Christianity, and the Byzantine Civilization - Essay Example It is also referred as Trinity. The nature of God through the beliefs of Judaism is reflected in one substance and is considered to be one person. In Judaism, God is referred as Unity. The Byzantine Civilization also has different views about the nature of God. From Byzantine Civilization, it is discovered that the nature of God in this religion is not only considered as a substance but also as a being (Aitken and Paget). Judaism, Christianity and Byzantine Civilization all these religions have a same belief about the creation of the world. All these religions agree that the world is created by one God and is for a limited period. The Christians affirm the discussion of life after death as they believe in it. In Judaism and Byzantine Civilization, there are mixed views as some accept the fact that there will be life after death, and some disagree with it (Aitken and

Eating disorder and dental implications Annotated Bibliography

Eating disorder and dental implications - Annotated Bibliography Example Female students aged 15–18 years were the subpopulation included in the research with a total of 1,203 participants. The general outcome of the research indicated that severe risk behavior for EDs was appreciably related to TE, but not with DC. A total of 1,203 female adolescents aged 15-18 in Belo Horizonte Brazil (with a population of 2.5 million inhabitants), participated in obtaining the results of this research. Organized statistical analysis and the large sample size signify that the research was of high quality. Random selection of the participants made the research reliable. Additionally, performing a pilot test also enhanced the reliability and validity of the study. The article is intended for people in the medical field, as well as adolescents with a risk of dental disorders due to bad eating behaviors. The special features in this article are three tables that describe the characteristics and distribution of the population as well as the results. The sources were o bjective because all the researchers involved have respectful testimonials. Limiting the participant’s gender in this research may have an effect of the general results, suggesting the weakness of this study. This study strength is its ability to obtain additional findings through observation hence the information can be generalized to the entire

History of Nursing Research Worksheet Essay Example for Free

History of Nursing Research Worksheet Essay Nursing Research covers key issues, including health promotion, human responses to illness, acute care nursing research, symptom management, cost-effectiveness, vulnerable populations, health services, and community-based nursing studies† (Henly, 2013). Sigma Theta Tau Journal published by this organization is now called Image—The Journal of Nursing ScholarshipFirst published: 1967 Importance: â€Å"This widely read and respected journal features peer-reviewed, thought-provoking articles representing research by some of the world’s leading nurse researchers. Reaching health professionals, faculty and students in 90 countries, the Journal of Nursing Scholarship is focused on the health of people throughout the world. It reflects the society’s dedication to providing the tools necessary to improve nursing care around the world† (Hegyvary, 2011). Research in Nursing and Health First published: 1978 Importance: â€Å"a general peer-reviewed research journal devoted to publication of a wide range of research and theory that will inform the practice of nursing and other health disciplines. It has influenced on nursing education administration, health issues related to nursing, and testing research in practice† (Research In Nursing Health , n. d. ). Western Journal of Nursing Research First published: 1979 Importance: â€Å"The dissemination of research studies, book reviews, discussion and debate, and meeting calendars, all directed to a general nursing audience. It has risen to the challenges of the ever-changing nursing research field, providing an innovative forum for nurse researchers, students and clinical practitioners to participate in ongoing scholarly debate† (Conn, 2013). Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing PracticeFirst published: 1987 Importance: â€Å"Research and Theory for Nursing Practice (former named Scholarly Inquiry for Nursing Practice) focuses on issues relevant to improving nursing practice, education, and patient care. The articles strive to discuss knowledge development in its broadest sense, reflect research using a variety of methodological approaches, and combine several methods and strategies in a single study. Because of the journals international emphasis, article contributors address the implications of their studies for an international audience† (Springer Publish Company, 2013). Applied Nursing ResearchFirst published: 1988 Importance: â€Å"To present original, peer-reviewed research findings clearly and directly for clinical applications in all nursing specialties. Regular features include ‘Ask the Experts,’ research briefs, clinical methods, book reviews, news and announcements, and an editorial section. Applied Nursing Research covers such areas as pain management, patient education, discharge planning, nursing diagnosis, job stress in nursing, nursing influence on length of hospital stay, and nurse/physician collaboration† (Applied Nursing Research, 2013). Nursing Science QuarterlyFirst published: 1988 Importance: â€Å"Nursing Science Quarterly (NSQ) is a peer-reviewed quarterly journal publishing original manuscripts focusing on nursing theory development, nursing theory-based practice and quantitative and qualitative research related to existing nursing frameworks, contributed by the leading theorists, researchers and nurse executives† (Nursing Science Quarterly, 2013). Conduct and Utilization of Research in NursingFirst published: 1982-1983 Importance: â€Å"The Conduct and Utilization of Research in Nursing (CURN) project, an organizational approach, was designed to develop and test a model for using research-based knowledge in clinical practice settings† (Morse, 2006). Annual Review of Nursing ResearchFirst published: 1983 Importance: â€Å"The purpose of this annual review is to critically examine the full gamut of literature on key topics in nursing practice, including nursing theory, care delivery, nursing education, and the professional aspects of nursing. ARNR has brought together internationally recognized experts in the fields of nursing, and continues to deliver the highest standards of content and authoritative reviews of research for students, researchers, and clinicians† (Springer Publishing Company, 2013). AgenciesEstablishment date and goal or function: American Nurses’ Association (ANA) Council of Nurse Researchers Established: 1972 Goal: â€Å"The Council of Nurse Researchers helped with the development of research endeavors, gave credit to meritorious research, and facilitated the discussion of research ideas† (Burns ; Grove, 2009). National Institute for Nursing Research (NINR)Established: 1993 Goal: â€Å"NINR is to promote and improve the health of individuals, families, communities, and populations. NINR supports and conducts clinical and basic research and research training on health and illness across the lifespan to build the scientific foundation for clinical practice, prevent disease and disability, manage and eliminate symptoms caused by illness, and improve palliative and end-of-life care† (National Institute Of Nursing Research,

Causes of Asthma

Causes of Asthma Asthma is a chronic lung disease that inflames and narrows the airways. It can be both short term and long term. Asthma causes recurring periods of wheezing (a whistling sound when you breathe), chest tightness, shortness of breath, andcoughing. The coughing often occurs at night or early in the morning. Asthma affects people of all ages, but it most often starts during childhood. In the United States, more than 25 million people are known to have asthma. About 7million of these people are children. The airways are tubes that carry air into and out of your lungs. People who have asthma have inflamed airways. The inflammation makes the airways swollen and very sensitive, the airways tend to react strongly to certain inhaled substance. When the airways react, the muscles around them tighten. This narrows the airways, causing less air to flow into the lungs. The swelling also can worsen, making the airways even narrower. Cells in the airways might make more mucus than usual. Mucus is a sticky, thick liquid that can further narrow the airways. This chain reaction can result in asthma symptoms. Symptoms can happen each time the airways are inflamed (national institute of health). Understanding and Explaining Asthma The aetiology of asthma has been explained in terms of heredity, incitement, and induction. Incitement is the immediate broncho-constriction noted among asthmatics and others to nonspecific stimuli. Induction is the enhancement of the response to inciters that can follow exposure to certain stimuli, mostly inflammatory agents such as allergens, infections and other irritants, including industrial contaminants such as`4he plicatic acid from Western Red Cedar wood. There is a good reason to believe in a hereditary component to asthma, different components of the condition having possibly independent genetic origins. The best documented genetic component is the familial allergy to ragweed6, and Sibbald et al.7 have argued for independent hereditary components that influence atopy and bronchial responsiveness. However, migrant studies strongly suggest the major determinant to be environmental and not genetic. Both Tokeluans4 and Xhosas3 clearly have the genetic potential for developing a sthma, but this is expressed only on migrating to an economically more developed area (Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Volume 80 June 1987 367). Isolated examples, such as the increase in asthmatics attending emergency rooms following the eruption of the Mount Helens volcano8, may be explained in terms of incitement, but there are major objections to using this mechanism as a general explanation for differences in the prevalence of asthma. The wide variety of substances capable of inducing broncho constriction in asthmatic subjects can be divided into endogenous mediators such as histamine, prostaglandins or leukotrienes, and exogenous agents such as sulphur dioxide, volcanic ash or cold dry air. For the epidemiologist attempting to explain the prevalence of asthma, the endogenous mediators are unhelpful. The discovery of a mediator whose presence distinguishes asthmatic from non asthmatic populations would be useful, but in turn would raise the question of why one population had more of the mediator than the other population. For the reason discussed above, a genetically controlled explanation can be discounted, which leaves an environmental factor to increase the amount of mediator in the asthmatic population. This is essentially the same as the initial question of what environmental factor might account for differences in the prevalence of asthma. Exogenous inciters, being environmental in origin, theoretically offer a better hope of advancing the issue further, but, in the event, are no more helpful. Differences in the prevalence of asthma are not accounted for simply by differences in the incidence of clinical symptoms provoked by environmental triggers. They also reflect differences in the under-lying prevalence of bronchial hyper-responsiveness. In van Niekerks study3, it was the response to the exercise challenge that differed between urban and rural areas. This cannot be explained simply in terms of the prevalence of inciters in the environment. Induction provides a more promising general theory with which to explain differences in prevalence. There is plenty of evidence that induction does occur, particularly in an industrial context and this has been used extensively as a general model for the aetiology of asthma. It does not, however, explain the distribution of asthma in developing countries. Agents that have been sh own to induce asthma are abundant in the Third World ( Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Volume 80 June 1987 367). Fatality of Asthma Acute respiratory infections are probably the single most important cause of death among children. It is thus appealing to consider the hypothesis that fatal and near fatal attacks of asthma may have common causes, and that studying non-fatal asthma attacks (as well as being of value in itself) may provide useful information on the factors associated with fatal asthma attacks. Campbell investigated the levels of agreement between information obtained directly from cases of near fatal asthma attacks with those obtained independently from close acquaintances, almost all of whom were family members living in the same household. They found very high levels of agreement for recognized markers of chronic asthma severity (such as a hospital admission in the last 12 months or an intensive care unit admission), utilization of medical services, the use of prescribed agonists (although there was less agreement for other asthma medications such as oral xanthines), and psychiatric features. These findings are generally encouraging in that they indicate that information relating to these risk factors and clinical characteristics obtained from close acquaintances has reasonable reliability in studies of near fatal asthma attacks and therefore such information may also be reliable for persons dying from asthma. In contrast, information on features of the long term asthma history such as sleep disturbance and the frequency of, or trends in, symptoms in previous years was not reliable. The reliability of the reported circumstances associated with a near fatal episode was not examined. Thus, while it would seem appropriate to continue to examine deaths from asthma using clinical information that has been recorded before the fatal attack, the findings of Campbell suggests that interviews with acquaintances may provide additional useful data. Richards have compared the demographic characteristics of patients suffering fatal asthma attacks throughout New Zealand during 1980-6 with t hose experiencing severe life threatening asthma attacks in the Auckland region during 1981-7. The information avail-able for the study was limited, but the findings once again confirm the importance of a previous life threatening attack of asthma as a marker of subsequent risk of death from asthma. About one quarter of the subjects who died in Auckland during the period of the study had a previous admission to an intensive care unit with asthma. This suggests that asthmatic subjects who experience a life threatening attack are a group in whom intensive medical treatment and follow up should be arranged. These considerations indicate that, although there are some practical advantages in studying near fatal asthma attacks, there may well be greater problems of interpretation of the findings than in studies of fatal asthma. Nevertheless, when interpreted cautiously, studies of near fatal attacks may provide a useful complement to studies of fatal attacks in monitoring the time trends in severe asthma, and in identifying the causes of those changes which occur (Thorax 1993;48:1093-1094).